Module #6
The Cell

In this module we studied,
· Cellular Functions
· Cell Structure
· The Cell Wall
· The Plasma Membrane
· The Cytoplasm
· The Mitochondrion
· The Lysosome
· Ribosomes
· The Endoplasmic Reticulum
· The Plastids
· Vacuoles and Vesicles
· Golgi Bodies
· Centioles
· The Nucleus
· The Cytoskeleton
· As If This Isn’t Already Complicated Enough!
· How Substances Travel In and Out of Cells
· How Cells Get Their Energy
· ATP and ADP

As you can tell, we’ve been busy!!! I found this module completely fascinating! At some points (as you can see) seemed to be a little drawn out. But as you learned of more and more that was hidden in our cells you realized that we were barely touching the surface of something we know very little about it. It testified of a Divine Creator, and that we and every magnificent being around us, was not brought about by chance.

As we got talking, our teacher (Brother Butikofer. AKA: Bio Domin) realized I might need some help on this one. So Vanessa and Eliza were willing to help, here’s what they had to say on a few different topics-

Anaerobic verses aerobic cellular respiration and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) or Adenosine diphosphate (ADP) release!
if you want to know what this means or don’t want to feel like a failure for the rest of your life because you were scared too read on, please do yourself a favor and simply read through the paragraphs below it’s not that hard and it will help you to avoid any therapy if you don’t!
By: Tamea

There is such a thing as aerobic cellular respiration, for those that don’t know. It is how the cell makes energy. Stage 1 of aerobic cellular respiration is the stage that represents the anaerobic perceptive (anaerobic meaning with out oxygen.) in this stage, called glycolyses, yields pyruvic acid, 4 hydrogen molecules and 2 ATP’s (energy). Actually this process made 4 AT’s but since 2 were spent to drive the reaction, only half of the ATP’s can be used as energy for the body and cell. If the cell has time it will continue to stages 2,3, and 4 but if you need energy fast, you body will only proceed to stage 1 resulting in small burst of energy.
Stage 2,2,and 4 of aerobic cellular respiration is the aerobic phase. (This time it is using oxygen) to make things short, lot of pyruvic acid mixed with 2 acetyl coenzyme A some hydrogen, some oxygen, and some other things put together in different steps and at different time, will make an astonishing number of 32 ATP’s! The over all reaction of these stage is this.
C6H12O6 +6O2 = 6CO2 +6HO2 + 32 ATP’s (energy)

This will give your body more energy but you’ll have to wait longer for it. What’s more is that you will have to complete stage one, 18 times before you would get the same amount of energy you would get form completing all the stages.

2 ATP’s times 18 = 36 ATP’s
It’s just that to get 36 ATP’s you have to wait longer. if you need energy now it’s better to got or the 2 ATP’s 18 times.

why do ATP’s matter?
An ATP is made up of adenosine linked to 3 phosphate groups. an ADp is made up of adenosine with 2 phosphate groups. ADP’s are made when one of an ATP phosphate groups are taken away, this makes a gentle release of energy crucial for the cells survival. Sudden energy release would destroy the cell completely. Eventually after the phosphate group has broken off an ATP (to make an ADP) it will find itself again either in the cytoplasm of a cell, or the mitochondrion and reassemble to makes another ATP to store more energy.
ATP ADP + P + energy

Wow! That was quit the mouth full! Thanks Nessa!!!
And just to help you seen again what we got a little more indepth in, we studied the main parts of the cell, which are: (and forgive me for them not being in any special order)
· Chromatin
· Nucleus
· Nucleolus (and yes there is a different between this one and the last one)
· Pore on the nuclear membrane
· Plasma Membrane
· Lysosome
· Ribosome
· Vesicles
· Golgi Bodies
· Vacuole
· Smooth ER
· Filaments of the cytoskeleton
· Mitochondrion
· Rouch ER

Each one of these, when looked at even closer then just parts of the cell has parts of its own. If you are interested in this subject in more depth, I highly recamend reading Module #6 in the Exploring Creation with Biology by Wile and Durnell.